Karbon Biru untuk Siapa? Evaluasi Model Pembagian Manfaat bagi Masyarakat Pesisir dalam Perspektif Keadilan Rawls
Abstract
Penetapan Peraturan Menteri Kelautan dan Perikanan Nomor 1 Tahun 2025 tentang Tata Cara Penyelenggaraan Nilai Ekonomi Karbon Sektor Kelautan melegitimasi pengembangan ekonomi karbon biru di Indonesia. Kebijakan ini membuka peluang ekonomi baru tetapi juga memunculkan kekhawatiran mendasar mengenai keadilan dalam distribusi manfaatnya bagi komunitas pesisir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pembagian manfaat (Benefit Sharing Mechanism) dalam regulasi tersebut menggunakan teori keadilan John Rawls. Melalui penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan undang-undang dan filsafat, dengan teknik analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pembagian manfaat karbon biru dalam peraturan tersebut yang berbasis kinerja selaras dengan keadilan John Rawls dari aspek keadilan prosedural yang didasarkan pada koordinasi. Namun, dari aspek keadilan substantif regulasi tersebut belum dapat menjamin bahwa manfaat akan diterima oleh masyarakat pesisir. Hal ini disebabkan oleh mekanisme negosiasi yang rentan terhadap ketimpangan kekuasaan serta tidak adanya batas minimal yang jelas untuk pembagian manfaat. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan kebijakan dengan mengadopsi prinsip Persetujuan Atas Dasar Informasi Awal Tanpa Paksaan (Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC)), serta menetapkan mekanisme pembagian manfaat yang lebih melindungi dan memihak masyarakat pesisir.
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Peraturan Perundang-Undangan
Republik Indonesia, Peraturan Menteri Kelautan dan Perikanan tentang Tata Cara Penyelenggaraan Nilai Ekonomi Karbon Sektor Kelautan, Permen KKP No. 1 Thn 2025, Berita Negara Tahun 2025.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33331/rechtsvinding.v14i3.2325
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