STRATEGI REGULASI UNTUK MENDORONG HILIRISASI PERTAMBANGAN YANG BERWAWASAN LINGKUNGAN Regulatory Strategies to Promote Environmentally Sustainable Mining Downstream
Abstract
Abstrak
Kebijakan hilirisasi pertambangan tidak dapat dihindari. Selain diyakini dapat meningkatkan perekonomian Indonesia, kebijakan ini juga berpotensi mendukung perlindungan lingkungan dengan mengurangi eksploitasi tambang secara masif. Tanpa hilirisasi, bahan tambang mentah dapat diekspor langsung, sehingga eksploitasi sumber daya alam terus berlangsung tanpa memberikan nilai tambah yang optimal bagi negara. Namun, dalam praktiknya, hilirisasi pertambangan di Indonesia, khususnya pada sektor nikel, justru menyebabkan kerusakan lingkungan yang semakin parah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sejauh mana peraturan perundang-undangan terkait penerbitan izin pertambangan berkontribusi terhadap persoalan lingkungan dalam kebijakan hilirisasi serta mengusulkan alternatif perbaikannya. Penerbitan izin merupakan tahap krusial dalam siklus pertambangan, dimana pemerintah memiliki kewenangan untuk menilai kelayakan perusahaan tambang berdasarkan aspek lingkungan. Regulasi perizinan pertambangan yang baik seharusnya mampu mengendalikan dampak buruk terhadap lingkungan. Namun, berdasarkan analisis dalam penelitian ini, peraturan perundang-undangan terkait penerbitan izin pertambangan masih belum berpotensi mencegah pencemaran dan kerusakan lingkungan akibat desakan kebijakan hilirisasi. Regulasi yang ada cenderung tidak jelas, tidak koheren, tidak memadai dan belum sepenuhnya selaras dengan prinsip serta standar internasional di bidang pertambangan dan lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, tulisan ini mengajukan strategi perbaikan dalam regulasi pertambangan agar lebih efektif dalam mengurangi dampak lingkungan dari kebijakan hilirisasi.
Abstract
The downstream mining policy is an inevitable aspect of Indonesia’s economic strategy. While it is widely believed to strengthen the national economy, this policy also holds the potential to support environmental protection by curbing large-scale mining exploitation. Without downstream processing, raw mining materials can be directly exported, resulting in the continuous depletion of natural resources without maximizing their added value for the country. However, in practice, mining downstreaming in Indonesia, particularly in the nickel sector, has instead exacerbated environmental degradation. This study seeks to examine the extent to which laws and regulations governing mining permit issuance contribute to environmental issues within the downstreaming framework and to propose alternative regulatory improvements. Permit issuance represents a critical stage in the mining cycle, during which the government has the authority to assess the feasibility of mining operations based on environmental considerations. A well-structured regulatory framework should be capable of mitigating the adverse environmental impacts of mining activities. However, this study’s analysis reveals that the existing legal framework for mining permit issuance remains ineffective in preventing pollution and environmental damage driven by the pressures of the downstreaming policy. Current laws and regulations are often ambiguous, inconsistent, inadequate, and not fully aligned with international principles and standards in the fields of mining and environmental protection. In response to these challenges, this paper proposes a range of regulatory reform strategies aimed at strengthening environmental safeguards within the mining downstreaming framework.
Keywords
References
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33331/rechtsvinding.v14i1.2053
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